Well, I’m sort of back in the saddle after dealing with a 44 day hospital stay,
but I’m on the road to full recovery and just want to say thank you for your
prayers and cards.
Been a year since I wrote about this very important subject so as a
reminder, I’ve decided to just reprint last October's 2022 unchanged article.
So soon we will reach the fall season and for us the coast area will see lower
temps sooner and we inland will still have some warmer days late into fall.
Good time to sit with your koi and evaluate what you and your fish have
been doing for the past seven or eight months. What were your goals or
what were you hoping to see happen during this past spring and summer
season? Even if you did not have any goals it’s a good time to review what
has happened with your pond system and your koi (really). Even if you
only wanted the status quo or nothing bad to happen – so what happened
and what were you doing to maintain your pond and koi??? This is when I
put my shameless plug in for you to have a pond journal even if you only
write in it a couple times a year!!! It’s even a good time to think about what
would you like to see happen next year (pond and koi)??? So now that
you’re out by your pond and making notes (past and future) and maybe on
your second drink LOL it’s time to get the pond and koi ready for your
winter season. Paying attention to your pond and koi during the winter
season better prepares your pond and your koi for an uneventful spring.
For us with mild winters, I like to advocate that a good filter cleaning (SEP-
OCT) is an excellent way to prepare your pond and koi for the winter
season. Your koi’s immune system is charged fully with less chance of
having sick koi from the unavoidable stuff (bacteria/particulate
matter/critters) you will add to the water column from a good cleaning.
Good time to have less junk (detritus – decomposing organic compounds
DOC) in your filter for the bad bugs to winter over on and explode their
populations in early spring with possible resulting sick koi (Aeromonas
alley or even parasites). This year proved to be especially bad for both
internal and external bacterial infections (Aeromonas – hole in the side
infections) with several club members losing one or more koi to include the
Japanese Friendship Garden (JFG), which lost 8 koi. I lost 3 koi this year
to bacterial infections and that had never happened to me before YUK!
Almost all those affected had added koi last fall or this spring and with only
one exception were not accompanied by additional parasite infections.
Trust me when I say you want to do anything possible to avoid a large
Aeromonas outbreak in your pond. For the JFG we called in the
veterinarian – Todd Cecil, DVM - who came to the koi pond and along with
solicited club members – John Svelan, Adriana Cespedes, Linda Pluth,
Matt Rhoades and myself the following was accomplished. John and I
packed our trucks every other day for 10 days with large tubs, nets, air
pumps and ulcer treatment materials. The koi pond at JFG was seined and
21 mostly adult koi were netted and placed in the large tubs for individual
examination by veterinarian leading to each koi receiving two antibiotic
injections and topical treatment of all ulcers before returning each koi to
the pond. Culture and sensitivity tests were also taken and later a deceased
koi was sent to a California State lab for necropsy which identified 3
different bacterial infections (Shewanella putrifaciens; Pseudomonas spp;
and Aeromonas veronii). The same was accomplished for the last four (3
hour) visits, minus the vet, and only one antibiotic injection and topical
treatment of ulcers. I can’t thank my fellow club members enough – their
efforts made the treatment regimen possible. Sure makes you think twice
when buying new koi and reviewing your quarantine practices. Now back
to fall LOL -With winter comes leaves and you want to always keep them
out of your pond and filter system as their decomposition are the hotels for
the bad bugs. This mass of DOC also erodes water quality. If you have
water plants this is when they die back so work at removing the dead plant
material!! Time to think about reducing the quantity of food and going to
an all season or wheat germ-based food. When my pond water hits 55F I’ll
begin feeding every other day and at 52F twice a week and quit at 50F. Koi
articles recommend stop feeding at 50F and I have a friend with nice koi
who stops at 55F. Water temp down equal’s koi metabolism down (cut in
half for each 17 degrees Fahrenheit) - so the koi do not have the capability
to process high levels of protein. Unprocessed food passes out the vent and
provides high value nutrition for the bad bugs during winter giving you a
larger base population come aeromonas alley in the spring (BIG TIME). A
lot of our local area ponds do not go below 47/48F during winter and
aeromonas does not go dormant until around 39F. Koi get larger each year
and we have been known to add koi from time to time so it’s a good time to
review filtration and bio-chamber capacity to keep up with the
ammonia/nitrite pollution demand. Don’t forget DOC adds additional
ammonia to the water column. Remember we have recirculating systems
that have to refresh the water our koi pollute with each breath and poop.
NO – twice the size does not = twice the pollution. Think 3 to 4 times the
pollution due to body mass. Adding bio-filter capacity in the fall is a good
idea as it will be on line (up and running) for spring or you could consider a
reduced fish load (no joke). Just because it’s winter time does not mean
your pond maintenance goes on vacation. I really missed not having our
annual koi auction last year and now find myself with 4 to 6 koi I need to
find homes for or my koi additions this fall will be reduced YUK. Don’t
forget our annual koi auction this month, on Sunday, October 24th – come
help please and see ya there. Contact Tamsie to volunteer.
For your consideration - Nicholas Saint-Erne, DVM and author of “Advance
Koi Care” has recommended that autumn (pg119) “A 2-week course of 0.3%
salt is a good preventive treatment against protozoal parasite.” He also
offers a 3-dose preventive treatment of formalin/malachite green solution.
Erik Johnson, DVM has also supported the use of salt against certain koi
parasites in his book “Koi Health and Disease.” And I would add you
review the use of potassium permanganate and yes, I use it on day 1 and
day 3 after I complete the fall cleaning of my bio chamber. While not
wanting to get my butt caught in controversy and I’ve not talked to Doctor
Nick or Erik but due to publishing date of their books and several later
anecdotal remarks from Japanese breeders and dealers in USA regarding
increasing resistance to salt from parasites coming out of Japan – I have
gone to 2 or 3 weeks at 0.4% for preventive salt treatments in the spring
(Feb/Mar) for both my pond and the Japanese Friendship Garden for the
past 5 years. My salt pond treatment is done AFTER our annual koi show
(March) as salt results in additional slime coat which can DULL the
sharpness in the appearance of color and reflection of Gin Rin. Lastly, I
would only remind you that the more serious treatments for koi parasites
are in my opinion reserved for microscope confirmed infections of specific
identified parasites.
To end on a fun note - fall is the time to review your koi collection and if
pond space/koi count is available it is the perfect time to review the fall
season (Oct/Nov) new koi arriving at your favorite koi dealership.
Remember red is considered best as a primary color when viewing your koi
population as a group in your pond. It does not matter if you want a
$20/200/2,000-dollar koi or just a fun day with a few koi friends you just
can’t beat the excitement of looking at all the new koi each year. Looking
forward to seeing everyone at our next backyard club koi meeting, but in
the interim be safe and healthy.
r/koi jack